DRAWING No. SH88TR 16-1503 2040 2040
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1
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MODEL SH-88TR
ALL-PURPOSE MULTITESTER
(With Current Control-Type Zero Center Function)
SPECIAL FEATURES
●
Broadened Ranges with Additional Functions:
With the adoption of a 22-channel switch and the inclusion of additional
functions, this tester provides a broad and powerful 35 ranges in aII.
1. Can be Used as
±
DCV Zero Center Meter (NULL)
2. Usable as Capacitor Capacity Checker
3. Judges Continuity with Light and Indicates it with LED
4. Equipped with OUTPUT Terminals
(Series Capacitor Terminals)
5. Safety-Emphasis Measuring Terminals and Test Leads
are Adopted
6. Double Protection Device
●
Additional Measuring Functions with Use of Optional
Accessories
1. As Transistor Checker:
lf transistor h
FE
connector (HFE-6T) is attached, the unit can be used
as a transistor checker that can measure h
FE
from 0 to 1000.
2. As DC High Voltage Meter:
With the attachment of high-voltage probe (HV-10), the tester can be
measure TV and other direct-current high voltages from 0 to 25 kV.
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WARNING
To ensure that the meter is used safely, follow all safety and operating
instruction.
1. Never use meter on the electric circuit that exceed 6 kVA.
2. Pay special attention when measuring the voltage of AC 33 Vrms
(46.7 V peak) or DC 70 V or more to avoid injury.
3. Never apply an input signals exceeding the maximum rating
input value.
4. Never use meter for measuring the line connected with equip-
ment (i.e. motors) that generates induced or surge voltage since
it may exceed the maximum allowable voltage.
5. Never use meter if the meter or test leads are damaged or broken.
6. Never use uncased meter.
7. Be sure to use a fuse of the specied rating or type. Never use
a substitute of the fuse or never make a short circuit of the fuse.
8. Always keep your ngers behind the nger guards on the probe
when making measurements.
9. Never apply voltage to the current terminal. If voltage is applied to
the terminal, the meter occurs short-circuit.
10.Be sure to disconnect the test pins from the circuit when changing
the function or range.
11 .Before starting measurement, make sure that the function and
range are properly set in accordance with the measurement.
12.Never use meter with wet hands or in a damp environment.
13 .Never use test leads other than the specied test leads.
14.Never open tester case except when replacing batteries or fuses.
Do not attempt any alteration of original specications.
15. To ensure safety and maintain accuracy, calibrate and check the
tester at least once a year.
16.Indoor use.
READ FIRST:
SAFETY INFORMATION
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APPEARANCE AND PARTS NAMES
①
Indicator zero adjuster
②
Indicator needle
③
Indicator scale dial
④
Continuity indicating
LED, (CONTINUITY)
⑤
Range selector switch
⑥
Combination zero ohm
adjuster (0
Ω
ADJ) and
center zero needle
adjuster
⑦
+
Measuring terminal
⑧
−
COM measuring terminal
(common for negative)
⑨
Series capacitor terminal
(OUTPUT) 0.047
µ
F/400 V
⑩
Polarity Changeover switch
(Center zero changeover
switch)
⑪
Panel
⑫
Rear case
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MEASURING RANGES AND PERFORMANCES
•Accuracy Assurance Temperature / Humidity Range:
23
±
2 ˚C 75 %RH max, No condensation
•Operating Temperature / Humidity Range:
0~43 ˚C 80 %RH max, No condensation
•Dimensions and Mass:
150 mm x 100 mm x 36 mm, about 280 g
•Accessories:
One spare fuse Ø 5 x 20 (0.5 A / 250 V)
contained inside the tester, one pair of test
leads, and an instruction manual
•Optional accessories:
hFE connector (HFE-6T), high-voltage probe
(HV-10), and carrying case
Kind of
Measurement
Measuring Ranges Accuracy Remarks
DC voltage
(DCV)
0
-
0.12 V
-
3 V
-
12 V
-
30 V
-
120 V
-
300 V
-
1200 V
-
(25 kV)
To measure 25 kV, optional HV prove must
be used.
±
2.5 % of max.
graduation
(below 1200 V)
Internal resistance :
20 k
Ω
/V
DC voltage
(
±
DCV)
±
0
-
6 V
-
15 V
-
60 V
-
150 V
-
600 V
±
5 %of max.
graduation
Zero center meter type
Internal resistance :
40 k
Ω
/V
DC current
(DCmA)
0
-
50
µ
A
-
3 mA
-
30 mA
-
0.3 A
(50
µ
A is common with DC 0.12 V range)
±
2.5 % of max.
graduation
Terminal voltage drop :
300 mV
AC voltage
(ACV)
0
-
3 V
-
12 V
-
30 V
-
120 V
-
300 V
-
1200 V
30 Hz~100 kHz
±
1 dB
40 Hz~ 30 kHz
±
3 %
±
3 % of max.
graduation,
±
5 % fo r 3 V on ly
Internal resistance
9 k
Ω
/V
Capacity (C)
Range Indication
Min. value Max. value
x1000
µ
F
1000
µ
F
1 F
x100
µ
F 100
µ
F 0.1 F
x10
µ
F 10
µ
F 0.01 F
x1
µ
F 1
µ
F 1000
µ
F
approximate
value
Indicates max.
deflection by
charging current C
Low-
(dB)
Frequency
-
10 dB ~
+
11 dB (AC 3 V range) ~
+
63 dB
0 dB
=
0.775 V(1 mW), 600
Ω
-impedance circuit
Same as ACV Same as ACV
Resistance (
Ω
)
with
Continuity
Indication
Range
Indication x1 x10 x100 x1 k x10 k
Max. value
3 k
Ω
30 k
Ω
300 k
Ω
3 M
Ω
30 M
Ω
Central value
20
Ω
200
Ω
2 k
Ω
20 k
Ω
200 k
Ω
Min. value
0.2
Ω
2
Ω
20
Ω
200
Ω
2 k
Ω
Continuity indication LED: In x1 range
(Lights below 10)
±
3 % of scale
length
Inside battery :
R6 (1.5 V)
x
2
6F22 (9 V )
x
1
Leakage
Current
(I CEO) LI
0
-
150
µ
A . . . . . . .
x1 k
Ω
range
0
-
1.5 mA . . . . . . . x100
Ω
range
0
-
15 mA . . . . . . . . x10
Ω
range
0
-
150 mA . . . . . . . x1
Ω
range
±
5 % of scale
length
The current that
flows
between
+
and
-
COM
terminals during
measurement
DC Currant
Amplification
Factor (h
FE)
Transistor hFE: 0 ~ 1000 (in x 10 range)
±
3 % of scale
length
Optional hFE
connector must be
used
}
Below 30 V
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Cautions in Using This Tester
1. Check Zero Position of Indicator:
When the indicator needle is not above the zero line on the extreme left
of the scale, align it to zero line by turning the zero adjuster in the panel
center.
2. Check Position of Changeover Switch:
Use the polarity changeover switch of this unit only for
±
DCV (center
zero meter) measurement. All other measurements are made with this
switch turned to
Ω
, AC,
+
DC. If the switch is left turned to the center zero
( ) side, the indicator needle keeps pointing to the meter center,
making other measurements impossible.
3. Select Correct Measuring Range:
By using the range selector switch, select the right range that suits
the object to be measured. When measuring anything whose approxi-
mate value level is unknown, begin with the largest range and then
sw itch gradually to the most appropriate range (the range nearest to
th e value of the object measured). Particularly when high-power
commercail AC voltages (more than 100 V ) are measured, it is impor-
ta nt to take enough care in this respect.
4. Take Good Care for Keeping:
Do not leave the unit for a long time in places where it is exposed to
shocks, vibrations, direct sunray, high temperature and humidity.
5. Take Care of the Indicator Protective Cover:
Do not rub the surface of the indicator cover strongly with dry cloth, for
instance. This cover is coated with antistatic liquid. lf the antistatic ef-
fect weakens after many years of use, it is recommended as stop-gap
measure to wipe the cover surface with cloth wetted with water solu-
tion of a detergent containing antistatic agent.
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Descriptions of Scales and Other Parts
①
Resistance (
Ω
) scale ............................................. BIue color
②
Scale for DC voltage and current (DCV, DCmA)
and AC voltage (ACV) above 12 V .........................Black color
③
Scale for center zero meter, DC voltage (
±
DCV) .. Blue color
④
Capacitor (C) scale ...................................................Red color
⑤
Independent scale for AC voltage 3 V (AC 3 V) ..... Black color
⑥
Scale for transistor DC current
amplication factor (h
FE) ..................................... Blue color
⑦
Scale for lnter-Terminal current (LI) ...................... Black color
⑧
Scale for DC high voltage (DC 25 kV) and
DC 50
µ
A current ................................................. Black color
⑨
Decibel (dB) scale .................................................. Red color
⑩
Internal resistances of voltage ranges
⑪
Mirror...............The purpose of this mirror is to help read the
indications correctly by aligning the needle
seen directly by the eye with the needle re-
ected in the mirror.
HOW TO USE THIS TESTER
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lndicator Scale Dial
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Measurement of DC Voltage (DCV)
1. Range of Use:
DCV 0.12 V−3 V−12 V− 30 V−120 V−300 V− 1200 V
2. MeasuringTerminals:
+
and
−
COM. As a rule, insert the red lead into the
+
terminal and the
black lead into the
−
COM terminal.
3. lndicator Scale:
Use black-colored scale
②
. There are two kinds of scales, 0 to 30 and 0
to 120, and the units are V. In 30 V and 120 V ranges read the indications
directly, while in other ranges make necessary conversions to obtain
true values.
4. Turn the range selector switch to the required DCV range. Normally x
the black negative test rod to negative potential point ( ground line ) and
connect the red positive rod to the test point to be measured. Take
good care about polarity when measuring voltage drop between
the two ends of resistor, negative oscillator circuit voltage, and tran-
sistor circuit voltage.
5. When measuring high voltages used in TV, connect the optional HV
probe as shown in Fig. 1.
Read graduations 0 to 25
directly in kV units on
black scale
⑧
... DC 25 kV
Fig. 1 HV Probe
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Fig. 2
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Measurement of
±
DC Voltage (
±
DCV )
Usage as Center Zero Null Meter
1. Range of Use: DCV
±
6 V
−
15 V
−
60 V
−
150 V
−
600 V
2. Measuring Terminals:
+
and
−
COM. The same instructions as those for measuring DCV apply.
3. Indicator Scale:
Use blue scale
③
...
±
DC. There are two kinds of scales, 0 to
±
6 V and 0 to
±
15 V, and the unit is V. In
±
6 V and
±
15 V ranges read the indications directly,
while in other ranges make necessary conversions to obtain true values.
4. Turn the range selector switch to the necessary range between
±
6 V
and
±
600 V.
5. Turn the polarity changeover switch to the position of
. As the
indicator needle moves toward the center immediately, align it to 0 line
on scale
③
using the zero center needle adjuster.
6. FoIIowing the above instructions, use the unit as null meter to mea-
sure
±
DCV.
7. After the completion of measurement, do not forget to return the
polarity changeover switch to
Ω
· AC ·
+
DC.
Caution:
As a rule, use the center zero null meter in the designated ±DCV
range only.
If the needle fails to reach the center zero line after ZERO ADJ knob is
turned, replace the 9 V battery contained inside.
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Measurement of DC Current (DCmA)
1. Ranges of Use: DCmA 50
µ
A
−
3 mA
−
30 mA
−
0.3 A
2. Measuring Terminals:
+
and
−
COM. As a rule, insert the red lead into the
+
terminal and
the black lead into the
−
COM terminal.
3. lndicator Scale:
Use black scale
②
... DCV, A & ACV. The scale is from 0 to 30 and the
units are mA and A. In 30 mA range read the indications directly, while
in other ranges make necessary conversions to obtain true values.
For 50
µ
A only, use black scale
⑧
... 50
µ
A (x 2
µ
A) Read graduations 0
to 25 by doubling them into 0 to 50
µ
A.
Caution:
When measuring current, be sure to make the connection in series via
load. Also avoid absolutely applying any voltage.
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Measurement of AC Voltage (ACV)
1. Ranges of Use: ACV 3 V− 12 V− 30 V− 120 V− 300 V− 1200 V
2. Measuring Terminals:
+
and − COM
3. lndicator Scale:
Use black scale
②
... DCV, A & ACV. There are two kinds of ranges, 0 to
30 and 0 to 120, and the unit is V. ln 30 V and 120 V ranges read the
indications directly, while in other ranges make necessary conversions
to obtain true values (but above 12 V ). For 3 V only, use black scale
⑤
(AC 3 V) on which the graduations can be read directly.
4. Turn the range selector switch to the requried ACV range.
Load
Load
Power Power
Bad measuring method
Fig. 3
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5. Cautions in Measuring HighVoltages of more than 200 V:
(a) Check that the range selector switch is turned correctly to AC 300 V
and that the test leads are connected as mentioned in 2.
(b) Before connecting the tester, turn off the power switch of the power
circuit to be measured. After connection, turn on the switch and do
the measurement.
(c) Do not touch the wires and tester during measurement. After the
completion of measurement, turn off the power switch before
di sconnecting the tester.
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Measurement of Low-Frequency Output (dB)
1. Ranges of Use: −10 ~
+
11~
+
63 dB, 6 ranges
2. The way of measurement is same as that in ACV.
3. The scale
⑨
is graduated in correspondence with AC 3 V range and only
output in 600
Ω
impedance circuit can be read directly in dB value. (0
dB= 1 mW = 0.775 V )
4. For 12 V range or higher, obtain true value after adding “ADD dB value”
in the following table to indicated value.
Example: lf
+
7 dB value is obtained in 12 V range, add 12 of ADD dB
value of 12 V range to it. True value is
+
7
+
12 =
+
19 dB.
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Measurement of ACV with OUTPUT Terminals
(Including Measurement of Low-Frequency Output)
1. The method of measurement is the same as in the case of ACV. How-
ever, c onnect the
+
test lead to the OUTPUT terminaI with capacitor
0.047
µ
F/400 V. (OUTPUT and − COM terminals are used.)
2. This measurement can be used when it is necessary to cut DC
voltage a n d measure AC signals only in TV, audio and other circuits
where DC and AC are used mixedly and when the existence of
various signals in TV circuits have to be determined.
ACV range 3 V12 V 30 V120 V300 V1200 V
ADD dB value012 20 32 40 52
MAX dB value 11 dB 23 dB 31 dB 43 dB 51 dB 63 dB
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Examples:
• Detection of horizontal signals in horizontal amplication circuits.
• Detection of any input signal in sync. separation and sync.
amplication circuits.
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Resistance (
Ω
, k
Ω
, M
Ω
)
1. Ranges of Use: x1, x10, x100, x1 k, x10 k (0.2
Ω
~30 M
Ω
)
2. Measuring Terminals:
+
and − COM
3. lndicator Scale:
Use blue scale
①
...
Ω
. lt has graduations from 0 to 3 k and the unit is
Ω
. In
x
1 range read the graduations directly, in
x
1 k
Ω
range also read the indica-
tions directly but in k
Ω
units, while in other ranges amplify the readings by
the raspective multiples to obtain true values.
4. Zero Ohm Adjustment (0
Ω
ADJ):
Before using the unit, short-circuit the
+
and − COM terminals as shown
in Fig. 4
A
and align the indicator needle to 0
Ω
line using the zero ohm
adjuster. (This operation is also called ''FuII scale adjustment.'') This
adjustment should be completed before beginning measurement.
lf this adjustment is made each time the range has been changed, cor-
rect measurements can be explected.
5. When measuring resistance in circuits, be sure to turn off the power
switch in advance. Particularly, take care not to apply any voltage to x1
and x10 ranges.
Fig. 4
0 adjustment
Measurement
of resistance
Ω
-
12
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6. Continuity Check with LED:
When measurement is made in x1 range, if the measured resistance
value is less than around 10
Ω
, continuity indication LED to the top right
of the dial lights up. (The brightness varies depending on the resistance
value.) This LED indication is very convenient for simple continuity and
broken wire tests as it responds faster than the needle and it shows the
result visually and quietly without the buzzer noise.
NOTE
●
Polarity of Tester Terminals when Resistance is Measured
As shown in Fig. 5, when measure-
ment is made in ohm range, the nor-
mally
+
terminal becomes the nega-
tive terminal and the normally
−
ter-
minal the positive terminal.
This is because the negative pole of
the inside battery is connected to
the positive terminal of the tester.
Keeping this relation in mind helps when measuring polar resistances
such as those of transistors and diodes (junction semiconductor) and
when testing the leakage of electrolytic capacitors.
●
About Inter-Terminal Current LI
Ll scale is graduated to measure the value of the current that ows
between the
+
and − COM terminals during resistance measurem e nt.
(See Fig. 5) ln some objects measured, the resistance varies depending
on the current that ows across them
and the voltage that is applied to
them. Also abnormal condition can
occur because of self heating. There-
fore, the user must understa nd this
relation well for each
Ω
range before
doing the measurement.
Switch
position
The brackets mean the graduations need
conversion.
Max. current
consumption
Max. terminal
inter-terminal
voltage
×1 150 mA 3 V
×10 15 mA 3 V
×100 1.5 mA 3 V
×1 k 150 μA 3 V
×10 k (60 μA) 12 V
Fig. 5
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Measurement of Capacitor Capacity (C)
1. Ranges of Use: x1000
µ
F, x100
µ
F, x10
µ
F, x1
µ
F
2. Measuring Terminals:
+
and − COM
3. lndicator Scale:
Use red-colored scale
④
... C (
µ
F). The scale is from 0 to 1000 to ∞ and
the unit is
µ
F. ln x1
µ
F range only read the indication directly, while in
x10
µ
F range multiply the reading by 10, in x100
µ
F range multiply the
reading by 100 and in x1000
µ
F range multiply it by 1000 to obtain true
values.
4. Make full scale adjustment for each range as the measurement of
capacitors also uses the resistance measuring range. (See the sec-
tion for the measurement of resistance.)
ln other words, short-circuit the
+
and − COM terminals before mea-
suring, and align the needle to ∞ position on the extreme right of the
scale by 0
Ω
ADJ.
5.
Connect the capacitor Cx to be mea-
sured to the
+
and − COM
terminals.
At this time, take care of the polar-
ity of Cx. Make sure that − COM
terminal of the unit is connected to
the positive terminals of Cx, as shown in Fig. 6. When there is fear that
Cx may be charged, short-circuit both ends of Cx and discharge it before
doing the measurement.
6. By the charging current owing
to Cx, the needle swings in the
full- scale direction. But at a cer-
tain point, it begins to return to-
ward zero. The value of Cx is this
highest point indicated by the
needle. (When the value of Cx is
larg e , the swing of the needle
is large and when the value is small, the swing is also small.)
7. lf a capacitor measured once has to be measured again, discharge
it before making the connection.
Electric double layer capacitor can not be measured.
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MECHANISM OF CAPACITY
MEASUREMENT BY THIS TESTER
1. When Cx is connected between measuring terminals T
1 and T2.
lmax, equivalent to E/R, ows at rst as charging current I. (Imax is
the same as the current that ows when T
1 and T2 are shortened.)
At this time the meter indication rises as lmax gives rotating power
to the needle. (See the locus 0-p in the gure) But T minutes later,
charging current I begins to drop be-
cause of Cx in a relation that is ex-
pressed by I=max e
Locus for the charging current is M-
P. Tm is the time (in sec.) needed for
reaching full scale.
2. Affected by the charging current I continuing to drop, the meter
indication which has been rising from 0 to P turns downward at
point P, heading in the direction of original point 0. (The thick line
represents the locus of meter response.) lf Cx = 0
Ω
, the indication
keeps dropping and reaches full scale Tm seconds later.
3. The position of point P is proportional to the size of Cx. Therefore, if
points C that vary with Cx are marked
in capacity values on the scale, Cx can
be measured from the position where
the meter turns downward .
I=Imax e
Imax=
E=Inside battery voltage (V DC)
R=Inside resistance of the device
Cx=Capacitor (
µ
F)
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15
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●
Replacement of Battery
1. When it becomes impossible to make zero ohm adjustment in x1
Ω
range, the 1.5 V (R6) batteries contained inside have been exhausted. In
this case, replace the batteries with two new ones.
2. When it becomes impossible to make zero ohm adjustment in
x10 k
Ω
range only, replace the 9 V (6F22) battery with new one.
3. When replacing battery, loosen the 4 Ø x12 screw on the rear case,
remove the case, and insert the new batteries correctly with the right
polarity as shown in Fig. 8.
●
Replacement of Fuse
1. Should a voltage higher than AC
100 V be applied to the tester by
accident while the range is left
turned to some current ranges, par-
ticularly 0.3 A range, or ohm x1
and x10 ranges, the inside fuse
burns out.
2. When the fuse has burned out,
the unit does not function. So re-
place it with the spare fuse (Ø 5x20
mm, 0.5 A/250 V) which is posi-
tioned as shown in Fig. 8.
MEASUREMENT OF TRANSISTORS
(USE AS TRANSISTOR CHECKER)
With the attachment of the hFE connector (HFE-6T), this unit can
measure the DC current amplication factor hFE (lC / lB) of transis-
tors in the 0 to 1000 range.
●
Preparations before Measurement
To measure transistors, this unit uses the resistance mea suri ng
BATTERY
(6F22)
9 V
BATTERY
(R6)
1.5 V
SPARE
FUSE
FUSE
①
Probe jack
②
Transistor collector terminal
connecting clip
③
Transistor base terminal
connecting cIip
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
-
16
-
range. Therefore, make full scale adjustment (0
Ω
adjustment)
of the indicator needle before doing the measurement. Just as
before measuring resistance, turn the range to x10
Ω
, short circuit
the
+
and −COM terminals and align the needle to 0
Ω
line with 0
Ω
ADJ.
●
Measurement of
h
FE
(DC Current Amplification Factor)
1. Connection Diagram
Fig. 10
2. Then depending on the polarity of the transistor to be tested, insert
the pro be j ack into the black lead if it is NPN transistor and into the red
lead if it is PNP transistor.
3. There are two lead lines each with an alligator clip at the end.
Connect the black clip to the base terminal of the transistor and the
red clip to the collector terminal.
4.
Then connect the test lead (the red lead if the transistor is NPN and the
black lead if PNP) to the emitter terminal of the transistor to be tested.
With this connection, the tester needle responds, indicating the IC/IB
(hFE) value on the blue hFE scale
⑥
.
●
Testing of LED-Light Emitting Diode
(Application of Ohm Range)
Indication of IF
Fig. 11
After making the connection as shown in Fig. 11, measure in x1
Ω
or x10
Ω
ranges. When the LED is energized, it lights. The value of the current at this
time, or lF, is indicated simultaneously on the LI scale of the unit.