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Signal Processor
Processeur de signaux audio
Procesador de Señal
Processador de sinal
Сигнальный процессор
ᄪखۃ୲ධ
ଊဵ౪Ꮳ
Setup Guide
Installationsanleitung
Manuel de configuration
Manual de Instalación
Guia de Configuração
Guida alla configurazione
Руководство по установке
ົፑೌ
೪ۢࡿࠓ
2
1. IMPORTANT NOTICE: DO NOT MODIFY THIS UNIT!
This product, when installed as indicated in the instructions contained in this manual, meets FCC requirements. Modifications not
expressly approved by Yamaha may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to use the product.
2. IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessories and/or another product use only high quality shielded cables. Cable/s sup-
plied with this product MUST be used. Follow all installation instructions. Failure to follow instructions could void your FCC authorization
to use this product in the USA.
3. NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC
rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a com-
mercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-
dance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential
area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
(529-M03 FCC class A 01)
FCC INFORMATION (U.S.A.)
(529-M02 FCC sdoc YCA 01)
COMPLIANCE INFORMATION STATEMENT
(Supplier’s declaration of conformity procedure)
Responsible Party : Yamaha Corporation of America
Address : 6600 Orangethorpe Ave. Buena Park Calif. 90620
Telephone : 714-522-9011
Type of Equipment : Signal Processor
Model Name : DME7
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to two following conditions:
1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
2) this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
3
PRECAUTIONS
PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
BEFORE PROCEEDING
Please keep this manual in a safe place for
future reference.
WARNING
Always follow the basic precautions listed below to
avoid the possibility of serious injury or even death from
electrical shock, short-circuiting, damages, fire or other
hazards. These precautions include, but are not limited
to, the following:
If you notice any abnormality
• If any of the following problems occur, immediately turn off
the power switch and disconnect the electric plug from the
outlet.
- The power cord or plug becomes frayed or damaged.
- Unusual smells or smoke are emitted.
- Some object, or water has been dropped into the product.
- There is a sudden loss of sound during use of the product.
- Cracks or other visible damage appear on the product.
Then have the product inspected or repaired by qualified
Yamaha service personnel.
Power supply
• Do not place the power cord near heat sources such as
heaters or radiators, and do not excessively bend or
otherwise damage the cord, place heavy objects on it, or
place it in a position where anyone could walk on, trip over, or
roll anything over it.
• Only use the voltage specified as correct for the product. The
required voltage is printed on the name plate of the product.
• Use only the supplied power cord/plug.
If you intend to use the product in an area other than in the
one you purchased, the included power cord may not be
compatible. Please check with your Yamaha dealer.
• Check the electric plug periodically and remove any dirt or
dust which may have accumulated on it.
• Make sure to fully insert the electric plug to prevent electric
shocks or fire.
• This product receives power from multi sources. When setting
up the product, make sure that the AC outlet you
are using is easily accessible. If some trouble or
malfunction occurs, immediately turn off the
power switch and disconnect the all plugs from
the outlet. Even when the power switch is turned
off, as long as the power cord is not unplugged
from the wall AC outlet, the product will not be
disconnected from the power source.
• Remove the electric plug from the outlet when the product is
not to be used for extended periods of time.
• Do not touch the product or the electric plug during an
electrical storm.
• Be sure to connect to an appropriate outlet with a protective
grounding connection. Improper grounding can result in
electrical shock, fire, or damage.
Do not open
• This product contains no user-serviceable parts. Do not
attempt to disassemble the internal parts or modify them in
any way.
Water warning
• Do not expose the product to rain, use it near water or in
damp or wet conditions, or place on it any containers (such
as vases, bottles or glasses) containing liquids which might
spill into any openings.
• Never insert or remove an electric plug with wet hands.
Fire warning
• Do not place any burning items or open flames near the
product, since they may cause a fire.
Hearing loss
• Before connecting the product to other devices, turn off the
power for all devices. Also, before turning the power of all
devices on or off, make sure that all volume levels are set to
the minimum. Failing to do so may result in hearing loss,
electric shock, or device damage.
• When turning on the AC power in your audio system, always
turn on the power amplifier LAST, to avoid hearing loss and
speaker damage. When turning the power off, the power
amplifier should be turned off FIRST for the same reason.
Battery
• Charges within the specified charging temperature range.
Charging at a temperature outside the range may cause
leakage, overheating, explosion, or damage.
PA_en_12 1/2
4
CAUTION
Always follow the basic precautions listed below to avoid
the possibility of physical injury to you or others. These
precautions include, but are not limited to, the following:
Power supply
• When removing the electric plug from the product or an outlet,
always hold the plug itself and not the cord. Pulling by the
cord can damage it.
Location and connection
• Do not place the product in an unstable position or a location
with excessive vibration, where it might accidentally fall over
and cause injury.
• Keep this product out of reach of children. This product is not
suitable for use in locations where children are likely to be
present.
• Do not block the vents. This product has ventilation holes at
the front to prevent the internal temperature from becoming
too high. In particular, do not place the product on its side or
upside down. Inadequate ventilation can result in overheating,
possibly causing damage to the product(s), or even fire.
• To ensure proper heat dissipation of the product, when
installing it:
- Do not cover it with any cloth.
- Do not install it on a carpet or rug.
- Make sure the top surface faces up; do not install on its
sides or upside down.
- Do not use the product in a confined, poorly-ventilated
location.
Inadequate ventilation can result in overheating, possibly
causing damage to the product(s), or even fire. Make sure that
there is adequate space around the product: at least 10cm
above, 10cm at the sides and 15cm behind.
• If the product is mounted in an EIA standard rack, carefully
read the section “Precautions for rack mounting” on page 7.
Inadequate ventilation can result in overheating, possibly
causing damage to the product(s), malfunction, or even fire.
If this product is to be used in a small space other than an
EIA-standard rack, make sure that there is adequate space
around the product: at least 10cm above, 10cm at the sides
and 15cm behind.
• Do not place the product in a location where it may come into
contact with corrosive gases or salt air. Doing so may result in
malfunction.
• Before moving the product, remove all connected cables.
Maintenance
• Remove the power plug from the AC outlet when cleaning the
product.
Handling caution
• Do not insert your fingers or hands in any gaps or openings on
the product (vents, panel, etc.).
• Do not rest your weight on the product or place heavy objects
on it.
Backup battery
• Do not replace the backup battery by yourself. Doing so may
cause an explosion and/or damage to the product(s).
When the backup battery needs to be replaced, “Low Battery”
or “No Battery” will appear on the display. In this case, contact
your Yamaha dealer and have qualified Yamaha service
personnel replace the backup battery.
PA_en_12 2/2
5
NOTICE
To avoid the possibility of malfunction/damage to the product,
damage to data, or damage to other property, follow the notices
below.
Handling and maintenance
• Do not connect this product to public Wi-Fi and/or Internet
directly. Only connect this product to the Internet through a
router with strong password-protections. Consult your
router manufacturer for information on security best
practices.
• Do not use the product in the vicinity of a TV, radio, or other
electric products. Otherwise, the product, TV, or radio may
generate noise.
• Do not expose the product to excessive dust or vibration,
or extreme cold or heat, in order to prevent the possibility
of panel disfiguration, unstable operation, or damage to
the internal components.
• Do not install in locations where temperature changes are
severe. Otherwise, condensation may form on the inside or
the surface of the product, causing it to break.
• If there is reason to believe that condensation might have
occurred, leave the product for several hours without
turning on the power until the condensation has
completely dried out, in order to prevent possible damage.
• Do not place vinyl, plastic or rubber objects on the
product, since this might cause alteration or discoloration
of the panel.
• When cleaning the product, use a dry and soft cloth. Do
not use sodium hypochlorite aqueous solutions, alcohols,
paint thinners, solvents, cleaning fluids, or chemical-
impregnated wiping cloths, since this might cause
alteration or discoloration.
• Use a type-C USB cable (USB-A to USB-C or USB-C to
USB-C) less than 3 meters long.
Information
About functions/data bundled with the
product
• This product uses Dante IP Core.
Refer to the Audinate website (English) for details on the
open-source licenses for the particular software.
https://www.audinate.com/software-licensing
About this manual
• The illustrations and screens as shown in this guide are for
instructional purposes only.
• The company names and product names in this guide are
the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
companies.
• Software may be revised and updated without prior notice.
About disposal
• This product contains recyclable components.
When disposing of this product, please contact the
appropriate local authorities.
(1003-M06 plate top en 01)
Warning
Operation of this equipment in a residential
environment could cause radio interference.
Yamaha cannot be held responsible for damage caused by
improper use or modifications to the product, or data that is
lost or destroyed.
The model number, serial number, power requirements, etc.,
may be found on or near the name plate, which is at the top
of the unit. You should note this serial number in the space
provided below and retain this manual as a permanent
record of your purchase to aid identification in the event of
theft.
Model No.
Serial No.
6
Introduction
Thank you for purchasing a Yamaha DME7 signal processor. The product can process a wide range of
audio signals. This Setup Guide describes basic instructions necessary for configuring settings during
installation. To ensure the various product functionality can be utilized properly, be sure to read this
Setup Guide before using the product. After reading the Setup Guide, keep it carefully stored.
Features
•Programmable signal processor necessary for processing audio in audio systems for a wide variety of applications
The DME7 is a freely configurable processor offering sophisticated functionality and high audio quality required by audio
systems used for a wide variety of applications. In addition to basic matrix mixer, equalizer, delay, compressor, and gate
functionality, it also includes many components for supporting a variety of applications, such as auto-mixer and room
combiner applications. It even supports large-scale audio systems with up to 256 × 256 channels* of Dante inputs/outputs.
(* An additional license is required to increase the number of channels.)
• ProVisionaire Design application software can be used to design the overall audio system
In addition to using ProVisionaire Design to freely program DME7 audio processing, the software can also be used to design
an entire integrated audio system, including inputs/outputs and amplifiers.
• Support for external control
Various part numbers for DCP wall-recessed control panels are supported. It also supports touch panel devices, such as with
ProVisionaire Touch Kiosk and ProVisionaire Control tablet software that can be used to customize designs, and supports
customizing operating environments based on given equipment applications.
Contents
Introduction ..........................................................................6
Features................................................................................6
Package contents (please verify).........................................7
Manuals included.................................................................7
Troubleshooting....................................................................7
ProVisionaire Design Software .............................................7
Yamaha Steinberg USB Driver .............................................7
Updating the firmware..........................................................7
Precautions for rack mounting .............................................7
Installing Euroblock connectors ...........................................8
Connecting the power supply ..............................................8
Switching the power ON/OFF...............................................8
Installing the cable hook.......................................................9
Main unit settings..................................................................9
Restoring (reinitializing) factory default settings ................11
General specifications........................................................12
Dimensions.......................................................................118
7
Package contents (please verify)
Manuals included
• DME7 Setup Guide (this manual)
Describes the setup procedure from connecting the power
supply to setting up the system.
• DME7 Reference Manual (HTML)
Explains everything necessary for configuring settings
and operating the system.
• ProVisionaire Design User Guide (HTML)
Describes how to operate the ProVisionaire Design
software used to control the product from a computer.
Troubleshooting
See the FAQs (frequently asked questions) posted on the
Yamaha Pro Audio website.
https://www.yamahaproaudio.com/
ProVisionaire Design Software
This Windows application software integrates settings for
devices such as signal processors, power amplifiers, and
audio interfaces.
Download ProVisionaire Design from the following website.
https://www.yamahaproaudio.com/
For more details, refer to the ProVisionaire Design user
guide (HTML).
Yamaha Steinberg USB Driver
The driver software for connecting DME7 to a computer via
USB.
Up to 8 in / out audio signals can be exchanged with DAW
software and other devices.
Download the driver software from the following website.
https://www.yamahaproaudio.com/
Updating the firmware
The product specifications enable the firmware in the main
unit to be updated for the purpose of improving operability,
adding functionality, and fixing bugs.
If a firmware update is available, that information is posted
on the following website.
https://www.yamahaproaudio.com/
Please refer to the "ProVisionaire Design User Guide
(HTML)" for the update procedure and the settings of the
main unit.
Precautions for rack mounting
The guaranteed operating temperature range for the
product is 0 to 40 °C. If mounting only DME7 units, multiple
units can be mounted and operated on a standard EIA rack
without leaving space between the units. If the product is
mounted on a standard EIA rack together with other
devices, heat generated from those devices can prevent
achieving adequate performance due to elevated
temperatures within the rack. To prevent heat from building
up inside the product, be sure to mount products in a
manner that satisfies the following conditions.
• If mounted together with a power amplifier or other
devices that tend to generate heat, leave at least one unit
of space between the product and other devices. Also, to
ensure adequate ventilation, install a vented panel at
those spaces or leave it open to the atmosphere.
• The product is designed to intake air via the front and
discharge it from the back, so do not install it together with
other devices that intake air via the back and exhaust it
from the front.
• Leave the back side open and the rack positioned at least
10 cm away from the wall and ceiling. If the back side of
the rack cannot be left open, use a commercially available
fan kit or other forced air ventilation system. If a fan kit is
installed, note that enclosing the back side of the rack can
improve heat dissipation in some cases. For more
information, refer to the rack and fan kit instruction manual.
Setup guide (this manual) × 1
Euroblock connectors (16-pin, 3.50 mm pitch) × 2
Power cords × 2
Cable hook × 1
In some cases, an update is required to provide compatibility with
other devices, depending on the version of devices within the Dante
network. For more information, check the firmware compatibility
chart provided on the Yamaha website indicated above.
NOTE
8
Installing Euroblock connectors
Use the provided Euroblock connectors to connect to [GPI]
terminals.
1. Insert the Euroblock connector all the way into the
main [GPI] connector unit until it butts against the far
side. Then push up the lock on left and right sides.
2. To disconnect Euroblock connectors, lower the left
and right locks and pull out the connector.
Connecting the power supply
1. Connect the provided power cord. First, connect the
power cord to the main unit and then plug it into a
power supply outlet.
Switching the power ON/OFF
1. Switch the power switch on the rear panel ON ( I ) or
OFF ( ).
Preparation and processing cable wires
Strip the cable to be connected to the Euroblock connector
as shown and connect the lead wires. Note that overlapping
or vibration of wires connected to the Euroblock can cause
lead wire breakage due to metal fatigue.
3.5 mm
16-pin Euroblock
Caution
If connected using lead wires, do not plate the
wires with solder.
If wires are frequently disconnected and reconnected, the use of
pin terminals with an insulation sleeve is recommended. Use pin
connectors like the one shown below.
Use a model with a diameter up to 1.3 mm and length of about
5 mm (such as Phoenix Contact model AI0, 5-6WH).
About 5 mmReference
Dimensions
Max. 1.3 mm
About 5 mm
Warning
Always use the power cord provided with the product.
Do not use the provided power cord for other prod-
ucts. Doing so could cause a failure, heat generation,
fire, or other problem.
Caution
Be sure to switch OFF the power before connect-
ing or disconnecting the power cord.
• To disconnect the power cord, reverse the steps above.
• Press the power cord latch to disconnect the power cord.
NOTICE
• Wait at least five seconds after switching OFF the power before
switching the power ON. Not doing so could cause a failure.
• A slight current continues to flow even when the power is switched
OFF. Be sure to disconnect the power cord from the power outlet
during extended periods of disuse.
NOTE
9
Installing the cable hook
A cable hook is provided to prevent accidentally
disconnecting the USB cable. The hook can be installed by
the following procedure.
1. Hook one end of the included cable hook onto the
lower end of the security slot, located in the lower-left
area of the rear panel.
2. Then insert the other end of the hook into the upper
end of the security slot.
3. Insert the USB cable through the hook and connect it
to the USB port.
Main unit settings
Overview of front panel
q [A/B] indicator
This indicates whether [A]/[B] AC IN (power supply
input) terminals are connected to power. It illuminates
green when the power is ON.
w [Fn] key
Pressing this button displays the [Device Mute] screen.
Pressing it again displays the [Control Function] screen.
e [MENU/HOME] key
Used to toggle between the [Menu] and [Home] screens.
r [ ] (back) key
Pressing this button displays the previous screen.
t Main knob
The main knob is turned to select parameters or change
parameter setting values. Pressing the knob applies the
setting.
PANEL LOCK/UNLOCK setting
Holding down the [MENU/HOME] and [ ] (back) keys
for at least two seconds locks or unlocks the panel.
A key icon is displayed on the [Home] screen whenever the
panel is locked.
qw r te
10
Setting the Unit ID
If multiple DME7 units are used, make sure none of the Unit
IDs conflict.
1. On the [Menu] screen, rotate the main knob to select
[Setting]. Then press the knob to apply the setting.
The [Unit ID] screen is displayed.
2. On the [Unit ID] screen, press the main knob to
activate the edit mode.
3. Turn the main knob to select the desired ID.
When a Unit ID is changed, the value flashes.
4. When the Unit ID to be changed is selected, press the
main knob.
A message is displayed to prompt the user to restart the
unit.
5. Rotate the main knob to select [Yes]. Then press the
knob to apply the setting.
The changed Unit ID is enabled after the unit is
restarted.
Connecting to ProVisionaire Design
Connect the computer where ProVisionaire Design software
is installed directly to the network connector on the rear
panel of the main unit or connect it via a switch unit.
Setting the IP address
This specifies the IP address for the port (DME control port)
used to communicate with ProVisionaire Design.
1. On the [Menu] screen, rotate the main knob to select
[Setting]. Then press the knob to apply the setting.
The [Unit ID] screen is displayed.
2. Turn the main knob to select [IP Settings]. Then press
the main knob to apply the setting.
The [DME Control Port] screen is displayed.
3. On the [DME Control Port] screen, press the main
knob to select the [Network Mode] screen.
4. Press the main knob to activate the edit mode.
5. Rotate the main knob to select [Unit ID] and press it
to apply the selection.
That sets the IP address to 192.168.0.x (where “x”
indicates the Unit ID) and the subnet mask to
255.255.255.0.
For settings in the DHCP mode or static IP mode, refer to the
ProVisionaire Design user guide.
NOTE
11
Muting or Unmuting
1. Press the [Fn] key to display the [Device Mute]
screen.
2. Rotate the main knob to select [Yes] and then press it
to apply the selection.
The mute ON/OFF status can be confirmed based on the
icons at the top of the [Home] screen.
To unmute the device, press the [Fn] key again.
Restoring (reinitializing) factory
default settings
There are two ways to initialize the product.
By selecting [Settings] and then
[Initialize Settings]
Do not switch OFF the power supply during initialization.
1. On the [Menu] screen, rotate the main knob to select
[Setting]. Then press the knob to apply the setting.
The [Unit ID] screen is displayed.
2. Rotate the main knob to select [Initialize Settings].
Then press the knob to apply the selection.
The screen for selecting the setting to initialize is
displayed.
3. Rotate the main knob to select the setting to initialize
and then set only the setting that requires
initialization to On.
In addition to signal processing settings, the following
settings are also initialized if set to On.
4. When finished selecting the settings, rotate the main
knob to select [Initialize] and then press the knob.
An initialization confirmation screen is displayed.
5. Rotate the main knob to select [Yes] and then press it
to apply the selection.
The system automatically restarts when initialization is
finished.
How to initialize settings if you forgot
the PIN code
If the PIN code specified for locking the panel or the
administrator PIN is forgotten, for example, and [Initialize]
can not be selected on the [Settings] screen, then the
following method can be used to force initialization.
1. While simultaneously holding down the [Fn], [MENU/
HOME], and [ ] (back) keys, switch the power
OFF.
2. Keep holding down the three keys until the Yamaha
logo and the initialization screen are displayed on the
screen.
The system automatically restarts when initialization is
finished.
Pressing the [Fn] key two times in a row displays the control function
ON/OFF screen. Then specify the settings in the same manner.
NOTE
IP Settings
Unit ID/ Device Name
Dante Settings
Stored Files
This regular initialization process does not initialize administrator PIN
values or license activation information.
This forced initialization process leaves license activation
information, but restores all other settings to factory default settings.
NOTE
NOTE
12
General specifications
* The contents of this manual apply to the latest specifications as of the publishing date. To obtain the latest manual, access the
Yamaha website then download the manual file.
Dante Interface Channel count 64IN, 64OUT, Redundant
(Extendable up to 256IN, 256OUT)
Sampling Frequency 44.1/48/88.2/96 kHz
Bit Depth 24/32 Bit
USB Audio Channel count 8IN, 8OUT with SRC
Sampling Frequency 44.1/48/88.2/96 kHz
Connectors Dante etherCON × 2
(PRIMARY / SECONDARY)
1000Base-T
DCP RJ45
USB TO HOST USB 2.0 Type-C (USB Audio)
USB TO DEVICE USB 2.0 Type-A (For file saving)
Network RJ45 × 1
100Base-TX
GPIO Euro block 16pin (mini) × 2
(GPI × 16, GPO × 8, +5 V power × 4)
MIDI DIN 5pin × 2 (IN, OUT)
AC IN AC inlet (IEC, V-Lock) × 2
AC Power Requirement 100 V-240 V 50 Hz/60 Hz
Power Consumption 100 W
Operating Temperature 0 °C to +40 °C
Storage temperature -20 °C to +60 °C
Dimensions (W × H × D) 480 × 132 × 363 mm (3U)
(18.90 × 5.20 × 14.29 inch)
Net Weight 9.5 kg
Accessories Setup guide (this manual) × 1, Euroblock connectors (16-pin, 3.50 mm pitch) × 2,
Power cords × 2, Cable hook × 1
118
Dimensions/Abmessungen/Dimensions/Dimensiones/Dimensões/
Dimensioni/Размеры/尺寸/尺寸/치수/
Unit: mm
480
360
(363)
3
430
350
2.5
132
Dimensions (English only)
119
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Source or Object form, provided that You meet the
following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prom-
inent notices stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Deriv-
ative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent,
trademark, and attribution notices from the Source
form of the Work, excluding those notices that do
not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part
of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You
distribute must include a readable copy of the attri-
bution notices contained within such NOTICE file,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any
part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the
following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source
form or documentation, if provided along with the
Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by
the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-
party notices normally appear. The contents of the
NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own
attribution notices within Derivative Works that You
distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the
NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be
construed as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your
modifications and may provide additional or different
license terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such
Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise
complies with the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly
state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally sub-
mitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licen-
sor shall be under the terms and conditions of this
License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall
supersede or modify the terms of any separate
license agreement you may have executed with
Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permis-
sion to use the trade names, trademarks, service
marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as
required for reasonable and customary use in
describing the origin of the Work and reproducing
the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by appli-
cable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides
the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contri-
butions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WAR-
RANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
express or implied, including, without limitation, any
warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGE-
MENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsi-
ble for determining the appropriateness of using or
redistributing the Work and assume any risks asso-
ciated with Your exercise of permissions under this
License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no
legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence),
contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable
law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts)
or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable
to You for damages, including any direct, indirect,
special, incidental, or consequential damages of
any character arising as a result of this License or
out of the use or inability to use the Work (including
but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work
stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any
and all other commercial damages or losses), even
if such Contributor has been advised of the possibil-
ity of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While
redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof,
You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for,
acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other
liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations,
You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your
sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Con-
tributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend,
and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Con-
tributor by reason of your accepting any such war-
ranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to
your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach
the following boilerplate notice, with the fields
enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own
identifying information. (Don`t include the brack-
ets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. We also recom-
mend that a file or class name and description of
purpose be included on the same "printed page" as
the copyright notice for easier identification within
third-party archives.
Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in
writing, software distributed under the License is dis-
tributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF
ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing
permissions and limitations under the License.
120
BSD License
Copyright (c) The Regents of the University of Cali-
fornia.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms,
with or without modification, are permitted provided
that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the
above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the
above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the University nor the names
of its contributors may be used to endorse or pro-
mote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE
REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FIT-
NESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DIS-
CLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCURE-
MENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSI-
NESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSI-
BILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-
1301, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verba-
tim copies of this license document, but changing it
is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take
away your freedom to share and change it. By con-
trast, the GNU General Public License is intended to
guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its
users. This General Public License applies to most
of the Free Software Foundation`s software and to
any other program whose authors commit to using it.
(Some other Free Software Foundation software is
covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License
instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to
freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are
designed to make sure that you have the freedom to
distribute copies of free software (and charge for this
service if you wish), that you receive source code or
can get it if you want it, that you can change the soft-
ware or use pieces of it in new free programs; and
that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions
that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask
you to surrender the rights. These restrictions trans-
late to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute
copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a pro-
gram, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the
recipients all the rights that you have. You must
make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms
so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright
the software, and (2) offer you this license which
gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or
modify the software.
Also, for each author`s protection and ours, we want
to make certain that everyone understands that
there is no warranty for this free software. If the soft-
ware is modified by someone else and passed on,
we want its recipients to know that what they have is
not the original, so that any problems introduced by
others will not reflect on the original authors` reputa-
tions.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by
software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that
redistributors of a free program will individually
obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear
that any patent must be licensed for everyone`s free
use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distri-
bution and modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DIS-
TRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work
which contains a notice placed by the copyright
holder saying it may be distributed under the terms
of this General Public License. The "Program",
below, refers to any such program or work, and a
"work based on the Program" means either the Pro-
gram or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications
and/or translated into another language. (Hereinaf-
ter, translation is included without limitation in the
term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as
"you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modifi-
cation are not covered by this License; they are out-
side its scope. The act of running the Program is not
restricted, and the output from the Program is cov-
ered only if its contents constitute a work based on
the Program (independent of having been made by
running the Program). Whether that is true depends
on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of
the Program`s source code as you receive it, in any
medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep
intact all the notices that refer to this License and to
the absence of any warranty; and give any other
recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transfer-
ring a copy, and you may at your option offer war-
ranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Pro-
gram or any portion of it, thus forming a work based
on the Program, and copy and distribute such modi-
fications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these con-
ditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry
prominent notices stating that you changed the
files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or
publish, that in whole or in part contains or is
derived from the Program or any part thereof, to
be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads com-
mands interactively when run, you must cause it,
when started running for such interactive use in
the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copy-
right notice and a notice that there is no warranty
(or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and
that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view
a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
itself is interactive but does not normally print
such an announcement, your work based on the
Program is not required to print an announce-
ment.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a
whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not
derived from the Program, and can be reasonably
considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not
apply to those sections when you distribute them as
separate works. But when you distribute the same
sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must
be on the terms of this License, whose permissions
for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and
thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights
or contest your rights to work written entirely by you;
rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the
distribution of derivative or collective works based
on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not
based on the Program with the Program (or with a
work based on the Program) on a volume of a stor-
121
age or distribution medium does not bring the other
work under the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a
work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or
executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete correspond-
ing machine-readable source code, which must
be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and
2 above on a medium customarily used for soft-
ware interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at
least three years, to give any third party, for a
charge no more than your cost of physically per-
forming source distribution, a complete machine-
readable copy of the corresponding source code,
to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1
and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you
received as to the offer to distribute correspond-
ing source code. (This alternative is allowed only
for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executa-
ble form with such an offer, in accord with Sub-
section b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred
form of the work for making modifications to it. For
an executable work, complete source code means
all the source code for all modules it contains, plus
any associated interface definition files, plus the
scripts used to control compilation and installation of
the executable. However, as a special exception, the
source code distributed need not include anything
that is normally distributed (in either source or
binary form) with the major components (compiler,
kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which
the executable runs, unless that component itself
accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made
by offering access to copy from a designated place,
then offering equivalent access to copy the source
code from the same place counts as distribution of
the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object
code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute
the Program except as expressly provided under this
License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sub-
license or distribute the Program is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received cop-
ies, or rights, from you under this License will not
have their licenses terminated so long as such par-
ties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since
you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants
you permission to modify or distribute the Program
or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited
by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore,
by modifying or distributing the Program (or any
work based on the Program), you indicate your
acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms
and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any
work based on the Program), the recipient automati-
cally receives a license from the original licensor to
copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose
any further restrictions on the recipients` exercise of
the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for
enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or alle-
gation of patent infringement or for any other reason
(not limited to patent issues), conditions are
imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement
or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
License, they do not excuse you from the conditions
of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to sat-
isfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as
a consequence you may not distribute the Program
at all. For example, if a patent license would not per-
mit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all
those who receive copies directly or indirectly
through you, then the only way you could satisfy
both it and this License would be to refrain entirely
from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unen-
forceable under any particular circumstance, the
balance of the section is intended to apply and the
section as a whole is intended to apply in other cir-
cumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
infringe any patents or other property right claims or
to contest validity of any such claims; this section
has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of
the free software distribution system, which is imple-
mented by public license practices. Many people
have made generous contributions to the wide range
of software distributed through that system in reli-
ance on consistent application of that system; it is
up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is will-
ing to distribute software through any other system
and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear
what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of
this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is
restricted in certain countries either by patents or by
copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder
who places the Program under this License may add
an explicit geographical distribution limitation exclud-
ing those countries, so that distribution is permitted
only in or among countries not thus excluded. In
such case, this License incorporates the limitation
as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish
revised and/or new versions of the General Public
License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ
in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version num-
ber. If the Program specifies a version number of this
License which applies to it and "any later version",
you have the option of following the terms and con-
ditions either of that version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Program does not specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version ever pub-
lished by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program
into other free programs whose distribution condi-
tions are different, write to the author to ask for per-
mission. For software which is copyrighted by the
Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Soft-
ware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions
for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our
free software and of promoting the sharing and
reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED
FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMIT-
TED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTH-
ERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE
THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABI-
LITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR-
POSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY
AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS
WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORREC-
TION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLI-
CABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER
PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIB-
UTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING
ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CON-
SEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM
(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE
OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO
OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS
BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be
of the greatest possible use to the public, the best
way to achieve this is to make it free software which
everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program.
It is safest to attach them to the start of each source
file to most effectively convey the exclusion of war-
ranty; and each file should have at least the "copy-
right" line and a pointer to where the full notice is
found.
one line to give the program`s name and an idea of
what it does.
Copyright (C) yyyy name of author
This program is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Gen-
eral Public License along with this program; if not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by elec-
tronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name
of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WAR-
RANTY; for details type `show w`. This is free soft-
ware, and you are welcome to redistribute it under
certain conditions; type `show c` for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w` and `show c`
should show the appropriate parts of the General
Public License. Of course, the commands you use
may be called something other than `show w` and
`show c`; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu
items--whatever suits your program.
122
You should also get your employer (if you work as a
programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copy-
right disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here
is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
interest in the program `Gnomovision`
(which makes passes at compilers) written
by James Hacker.
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incor-
porating your program into proprietary programs. If
your program is a subroutine library, you may con-
sider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library. If this is what you want
to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License
instead of this License.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verba-
tim copies of this license document, but changing it
is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft
license for software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical
works are designed to take away your freedom to
share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU
General Public License is intended to guarantee
your freedom to share and change all versions of a
program--to make sure it remains free software for
all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use
the GNU General Public License for most of our
software; it applies also to any other work released
this way by its authors. You can apply it to your pro-
grams, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to
freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are
designed to make sure that you have the freedom to
distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or
can get it if you want it, that you can change the soft-
ware or use pieces of it in new free programs, and
that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others
from denying you these rights or asking you to sur-
render the rights. Therefore, you have certain
responsibilities if you distribute copies of the soft-
ware, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect
the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a pro-
gram, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on
to the recipients the same freedoms that you
received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show
them these terms so they know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your
rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the
software, and (2) offer you this License giving you
legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL
clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free
software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL
requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed
erroneously to authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to
install or run modified versions of the software inside
them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is
fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protect-
ing users' freedom to change the software. The sys-
tematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of
products for individuals to use, which is precisely
where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have
designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the
practice for those products. If such problems arise
substantially in other domains, we stand ready to
extend this provision to those domains in future ver-
sions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom
of users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by
software patents. States should not allow patents to
restrict development and use of software on gen-
eral-purpose computers, but in those that do, we
wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied
to a free program could make it effectively proprie-
tary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents
cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distri-
bution and modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU Gen-
eral Public License.
“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that
apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconduc-
tor masks.
“The Program” refers to any copyrightable work
licensed under this License. Each licensee is
addressed as “you”. “Licensees” and “recipients”
may be individuals or organizations.
To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all
or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright
permission, other than the making of an exact copy.
The resulting work is called a “modified version” of
the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier
work.
A “covered work” means either the unmodified Pro-
gram or a work based on the Program.
To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it
that, without permission, would make you directly or
secondarily liable for infringement under applicable
copyright law, except executing it on a computer or
modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copy-
ing, distribution (with or without modification), mak-
ing available to the public, and in some countries
other activities as well.
To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation
that enables other parties to make or receive copies.
Mere interaction with a user through a computer net-
work, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate
Legal Notices” to the extent that it includes a con-
venient and prominently visible feature that (1) dis-
plays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells
the user that there is no warranty for the work
(except to the extent that warranties are provided),
that licensees may convey the work under this
License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or
options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list
meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The “source code” for a work means the preferred
form of the work for making modifications to it.
“Object code” means any non-source form of a
work.
A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either
is an official standard defined by a recognized stand-
ards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a
particular programming language, one that is widely
used among developers working in that language.
The “System Libraries” of an executable work
include anything, other than the work as a whole,
that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging
a Major Component, but which is not part of that
Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable
use of the work with that Major Component, or to
implement a Standard Interface for which an imple-
mentation is available to the public in source code
form. A “Major Component”, in this context, means a
major essential component (kernel, window system,
and so on) of the specific operating system (if any)
on which the executable work runs, or a compiler
123
used to produce the work, or an object code inter-
preter used to run it.
The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object
code form means all the source code needed to
generate, install, and (for an executable work) run
the object code and to modify the work, including
scripts to control those activities. However, it does
not include the work's System Libraries, or general-
purpose tools or generally available free programs
which are used unmodified in performing those
activities but which are not part of the work. For
example, Corresponding Source includes interface
definition files associated with source files for the
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The Corresponding Source need not include any-
thing that users can regenerate automatically from
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The Corresponding Source for a work in source
code form is that same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for
the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevo-
cable provided the stated conditions are met. This
License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission
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You may make, run and propagate covered works
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Conveying under any other circumstances is permit-
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When you convey a covered work, you waive any
legal power to forbid circumvention of technological
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You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's
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absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a
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ranty protection for a fee.
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You may convey a work based on the Program, or
the modifications to produce it from the Program, in
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4, provided that you also meet all of these condi-
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you offer spare parts or customer support for that
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the object code either (1) a copy of the Corre-
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uct that is covered by this License, on a durable
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* c) Convey individual copies of the object code
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only occasionally and noncommercially, and only
if you received the object code with such an offer,
in accord with subsection 6b.
* d) Convey the object code by offering access
from a designated place (gratis or for a charge),
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with the object code. If the place to copy the
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ing Source may be on a different server (oper-
ated by you or a third party) that supports
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Regardless of what server hosts the Correspond-
ing Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it
is available for as long as needed to satisfy these
requirements.
* e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer
transmission, provided you inform other peers
where the object code and Corresponding
Source of the work are being offered to the gen-
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A separable portion of the object code, whose
source code is excluded from the Corresponding
Source as a System Library, need not be included in
conveying the object code work.
A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”,
which means any tangible personal property which
is normally used for personal, family, or household
purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incor-
poration into a dwelling. In determining whether a
product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall
be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
product received by a particular user, “normally
used” refers to a typical or common use of that class
of product, regardless of the status of the particular
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uct. A product is a consumer product regardless of
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“Installation Information” for a User Product means
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Source. The information must suffice to ensure that
the continued functioning of the modified object
code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely
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If you convey an object code work under this section
in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product,
and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in
which the right of possession and use of the User
Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or
for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is
characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed
under this section must be accompanied by the
Installation Information. But this requirement does
not apply if neither you nor any third party retains
the ability to install modified object code on the User
Product (for example, the work has been installed in
ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information
does not include a requirement to continue to pro-
vide support service, warranty, or updates for a work
that has been modified or installed by the recipient,
or for the User Product in which it has been modified
or installed. Access to a network may be denied
when the modification itself materially and adversely
affects the operation of the network or violates the
124
rules and protocols for communication across the
network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation
Information provided, in accord with this section
must be in a format that is publicly documented (and
with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special
password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement
the terms of this License by making exceptions from
one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions
that are applicable to the entire Program shall be
treated as though they were included in this License,
to the extent that they are valid under applicable law.
If additional permissions apply only to part of the
Program, that part may be used separately under
those permissions, but the entire Program remains
governed by this License without regard to the addi-
tional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you
may at your option remove any additional permis-
sions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Addi-
tional permissions may be written to require their
own removal in certain cases when you modify the
work.) You may place additional permissions on
material, added by you to a covered work, for which
you have or can give appropriate copyright permis-
sion.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License,
for material you add to a covered work, you may (if
authorized by the copyright holders of that material)
supplement the terms of this License with terms:
* a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differ-
ently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this
License; or
* b) Requiring preservation of specified reasona-
ble legal notices or author attributions in that
material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices dis-
played by works containing it; or
* c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of
that material, or requiring that modified versions
of such material be marked in reasonable ways
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* d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of
names of licensors or authors of the material; or
* e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law
for use of some trade names, trademarks, or ser-
vice marks; or
* f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and
authors of that material by anyone who conveys
the material (or modified versions of it) with con-
tractual assumptions of liability to the recipient,
for any liability that these contractual assump-
tions directly impose on those licensors and
authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are con-
sidered “further restrictions” within the meaning of
section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any
part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed
by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license
document contains a further restriction but permits
relicensing or conveying under this License, you
may add to a covered work material governed by the
terms of that license document, provided that the
further restriction does not survive such relicensing
or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with
this section, you must place, in the relevant source
files, a statement of the additional terms that apply
to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the
applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may
be stated in the form of a separately written license,
or stated as exceptions; the above requirements
apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work
except as expressly provided under this License.
Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights
under this License (including any patent licenses
granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License,
then your license from a particular copyright holder
is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the
copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your
license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasona-
ble means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright
holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright
holder notifies you of the violation by some reasona-
ble means, this is the first time you have received
notice of violation of this License (for any work) from
that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior
to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does
not terminate the licenses of parties who have
received copies or rights from you under this
License. If your rights have been terminated and not
permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive
new licenses for the same material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order
to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary
propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a
consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to
receive a copy likewise does not require accept-
ance. However, nothing other than this License
grants you permission to propagate or modify any
covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you
do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying
or propagating a covered work, you indicate your
acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient
automatically receives a license from the original
licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work,
subject to this License. You are not responsible for
enforcing compliance by third parties with this
License.
An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring
control of an organization, or substantially all assets
of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging
organizations. If propagation of a covered work
results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also
receives whatever licenses to the work the party's
predecessor in interest had or could give under the
previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the prede-
cessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can
get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the
exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this
License. For example, you may not impose a license
fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights
granted under this License, and you may not initiate
litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in
a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed
by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or import-
ing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes
use under this License of the Program or a work on
which the Program is based. The work thus licensed
is called the contributor's “contributor version”.
A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all pat-
ent claims owned or controlled by the contributor,
whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that
would be infringed by some manner, permitted by
this License, of making, using, or selling its contribu-
tor version, but do not include claims that would be
infringed only as a consequence of further modifica-
tion of the contributor version. For purposes of this
definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent
sublicenses in a manner consistent with the require-
ments of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, world-
wide, royalty-free patent license under the contribu-
tor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer
for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and prop-
agate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license”
is any express agreement or commitment, however
denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an
express permission to practice a patent or covenant
not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a
patent license to a party means to make such an
agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent
against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a
patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the
work is not available for anyone to copy, free of
charge and under the terms of this License, through
a publicly available network server or other readily
accessible means, then you must either (1) cause
the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2)
arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the pat-
ent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in
a manner consistent with the requirements of this
License, to extend the patent license to downstream
recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license,
your conveying the covered work in a country, or
your recipient's use of the covered work in a country,
would infringe one or more identifiable patents in
that country that you have reason to believe are
valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transac-
tion or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by
procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant
a patent license to some of the parties receiving the
covered work authorizing them to use, propagate,
modify or convey a specific copy of the covered
work, then the patent license you grant is automati-
cally extended to all recipients of the covered work
and works based on it.
A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not
include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits
the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exer-
cise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
granted under this License. You may not convey a
covered work if you are a party to an arrangement
with a third party that is in the business of distribut-
ing software, under which you make payment to the
third party based on the extent of your activity of
conveying the work, and under which the third party
grants, to any of the parties who would receive the
covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered
work conveyed by you (or copies made from those
copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with
specific products or compilations that contain the
covered work, unless you entered into that arrange-
ment, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28
March 2007.
125
Nothing in this License shall be construed as
excluding or limiting any implied license or other
defenses to infringement that may otherwise be
available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court
order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the
conditions of this License, they do not excuse you
from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultane-
ously your obligations under this License and any
other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence
you may not convey it at all. For example, if you
agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty
for further conveying from those to whom you con-
vey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both
those terms and this License would be to refrain
entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public
License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License,
you have permission to link or combine any covered
work with a work licensed under version 3 of the
GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work.
The terms of this License will continue to apply to
the part which is the covered work, but the special
requirements of the GNU Affero General Public
License, section 13, concerning interaction through
a network will apply to the combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised
and/or new versions of the GNU General Public
License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ
in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version num-
ber. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered
version of the GNU General Public License “or any
later version” applies to it, you have the option of fol-
lowing the terms and conditions either of that num-
bered version or of any later version published by
the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does
not specify a version number of the GNU General
Public License, you may choose any version ever
published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide
which future versions of the GNU General Public
License can be used, that proxy's public statement
of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes
you to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or dif-
ferent permissions. However, no additional obliga-
tions are imposed on any author or copyright holder
as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM,
TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN
WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS
IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PAR-
TICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO
THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PRO-
GRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE
COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR
OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICA-
BLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY
COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY
WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PRO-
GRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO
YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GEN-
ERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUEN-
TIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA
BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH
ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH
HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability
provided above cannot be given local legal effect
according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply
local law that most closely approximates an abso-
lute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability
accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a
fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be
of the greatest possible use to the public, the best
way to achieve this is to make it free software which
everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program.
It is safest to attach them to the start of each source
file to most effectively state the exclusion of war-
ranty; and each file should have at least the “copy-
right” line and a pointer to where the full notice is
found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief
idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Gen-
eral Public License along with this program. If not,
see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by elec-
tronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it out-
put a short notice like this when it starts in an inter-
active mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WAR-
RANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redis-
tribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for
details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c'
should show the appropriate parts of the General
Public License. Of course, your program's com-
mands might be different; for a GUI interface, you
would use an “about box”.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a
programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright
disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more
information on this, and how to apply and follow the
GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit
incorporating your program into proprietary pro-
grams. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprie-
tary applications with the library. If this is what you
want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public
License instead of this License. But first, please
read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-
lgpl.html>.
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